The Divided Population of Macedonia
In Macedonia, there is no clear majority group. The population includes Bulgars, Greeks, and Turks, with each group claiming to be the largest. In...
Mahomet Ali’s Legacy in Kavala
There are many signs of Mahomet Ali’s love for his birthplace in Kavala. He rebuilt the large aqueduct, providing water to the entire town...
Evolution of State Treasury and Succession under Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror
The Importance of the Sultan’s Seal
One of the significant provisions in Fatih’s Lawbook pertains to the protection of the Sultan’s seal, indicating the growing...
Administrative Structure and Treasury Oversight in the Ottoman Empire
The Four Pillars of State Administration
Under the governance of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror, state organizations were reestablished and regulated through the implementation of Fatih’s...
Evolution of the Ottoman Treasury
From Public to Imperial
Establishment of the Imperial Palaces
Historical accounts from Ahmed Aşıkî, Dursun Bey Künhü’l-ahbâr, and Tayyarzade Ata Bey highlight the construction of the...
Hellenistic world after Alexander
Real Judaism in the Hellenistic world after Alexander and under the Roman emperors moved away from some of its original particularism, as its identity...
Christian communities of the first three centuries
The Christian communities of the first three centuries were what a modern reader should expect them to be. There were active and successful communities,...
Theoderic at that moment in 519
Theoderic at his peak, Theoderic at that moment in 519 when he thought he had it all arranged and could gaze on his son-in-law,...
Licinius and Galerius
Dacius came in just then, a smile warming his craggy face as he put a hand on the boy’s shoulder in a gesture of...
From Bithynia with Crispus
While waiting for Dacius to return from Bithynia with Crispus, he made a close inspection of the territory and found the country prosperous, though...
